The Wall
Imagine yourself in a tunnel facing a wall that appears to seal off the tunnel. Your goal is to get through the tunnel to the other side but the wall is in your way. Fortunately, you have learned that the wall moves as you push it. You begin to push the wall down the tunnel, making progress that provides hope for your goal. However, as you progress, the wall gathers dirt behind it and becomes more and more difficult to push.
Soon you reach the place where the wall no longer moves. What do you do? You try pushing harder and the wall moves a little. In frustration, you look around and see a little room off the side of the tunnel. The room is a classroom and there are people in the classroom learning techniques for moving the wall. You sit in for a while and then try some of the techniques. Amazingly, they work for a while. Then the wall stops again.
About this time you see a television screen on the side of the tunnel. It shows people who are successfully moving their walls. They are making progress; why not you? You watch carefully to learn their techniques and then you go back and try again. Again, the wall moves a little, but stops.
Finally, there seems to be nothing more you can do. You have tried all the techniques, more than once, and you have certainly tried harder. You have run at the wall to hit it, but you just got hurt. You have attended classes and seminars, large and small. You have read books, watched videos, and heard testimonies of how others have been successful. You have done everything you were supposed to do and more but the wall no longer moves. Now what?
Formula Spirituality
This seems to describe the Christian life for many people. They want to see progress. They believe that progress is possible. They want a happy life, good kids, little conflict; all the reasonable desires of life. They also want to know that God is pleased with them and will not be angry. They have been taught that there are ways to accomplish these things if they just work hard. The Christian life for them is work, and progress is made through techniques and superior effort.
I have come to call this “formula spirituality.” The right formula promises spiritual progress. A formula is simply a technique or method that offers certain results. Like taking copper and tin in the right combination and process to make the much stronger and more durable bronze. If you want bronze, you have to use this formula. You might mix flour, sugar, and other ingredients in specified proportions to get the special sugar cookies Grandma used to make. You could use another recipe/formula, but they would not be like the ones Grandma made. Certain results require certain formulas.
A “spiritual formula” is much the same. There are those who teach that spiritual objectives are reached by certain formulas. If a wife wants a happy relationship with her husband, she must be submissive to him according to a certain formula. If you want good children, there are certain things you must do. If you want God to love you, all you have to do is these five basic steps. The Christian life, with all of its parts, is reduced to formulas.
But why use a formula? Why not just live your life trusting God for the results? The advantage of a formula is that the results are supposed to be guaranteed. If the formula has been used successfully, the reasoning goes, the results can be reproduced successfully. Stick to the formula, do it right, and the desired results really ought to follow.
Using a formula in our spiritual life is desirable to many people because of the “cause and effect” rule. Certain causes bring certain effects. Why leave anything to chance? Instead, work the formula and guarantee the results. The formula is certainly the dream of a parent, a person looking for a job, or a concerned marriage partner. If I just do these certain things (work the formula) then the results I hope for must come about.
In a sense, the formula is designed to control even God. God is locked into the cause and effect process by the formula. Rather than risk His unwillingness to answer our prayers our way, we use the formulas to assure His compliance. A certain number of prayers, a certain posture in prayer, and certain words in prayers have all been part of formulas that Christians have used to try to manipulate God. Perhaps a certain amount or kind of service, certain activities or avoidance of certain activities, or even paying tithes or offerings could be part of formulas used in this way. The formula can be the way around the unpredictable will of God.
Do Spiritual Formulas Work?
All of this begs the question: Do the spiritual formulas work? The answer is yes…and no. Formulas work in the same way that the lottery works. Sometimes the person using the formula gets the results he or she wants. Not always, of course, but enough to keep the concept of using formulas alive. If no one ever won the lottery, if gambling never paid off, who would play? If the formulas could never be connected with success, no one would be tempted to use them. But there are just enough “success stories” to keep people working at the formulas.
It may be important to note a distinction. There are certainly activities and attitudes that lead to predictable results most of the time. Children of parents who drink alcohol or smoke may be more prone to drinking or smoking. Children whose parents teach against these behaviors may have a better chance of avoiding them throughout their lives. There are causes that generally lead to specific effects. Careful handling of finances should lead to a reasonable amount of financial freedom. Wise diet and health care should lead to positive physical condition. This kind of procedure works, in a general sense, for all people. Obviously there are mitigating factors, but these are general rules. They are not formulas because they do not suggest any kind of guarantee.
Spiritual formulas are another matter. The desire of parents is for their children to turn out “good.” The individual may want to have a “good” life or to be assured of the acceptance of God. The success of goals stated in this way may be difficult to measure, but failure is unacceptable. There is great pressure to find some kind of assurance, and the vagueness of the goals begs for systems and definition. While some kind of formula for success seems necessary, the ability to know whether certain formulas work is elusive. The fact that they seem to work opens the door for abuse by teachers and others who assert the importance of certain formulas for spiritual gain.
There are several reasons these formulas seem to work. First, the cause and effect relationship is often reversed. A young mother hears of an older woman whose children all turned out to be happy contributing adults and asks how this was accomplished. She is looking for a formula. The older woman considers the question and says that the family ate all their suppers together. The father was able to come home from work early enough and the children adjusted their evening activities so that they could eat supper together almost every day. The young mother goes home with the “knowledge” that eating supper together every day will provide the stability her children will need to be well-adjusted Christians later in their lives.
Notice that there is no particular evidence that the result was actually caused by eating suppers together. There is no consideration of the fact that family life may have changed since the children of the older woman were at home. There may be a large number of significant differences between the two families, but none are considered. The process has become reversed, from effect to cause. Reversing the cause and effect process makes the answer nonsense. The older woman may as well have said that the results came because she never fed her children turnips. No proof is required because the effect itself has already validated the answer. So the young mother has evidence now that the formula works. All she has to do is point to the older woman.
A second reason that formulas seem to work is because we redefine the goal along the way. A child sets up three cans and begins to throw rocks. He aims at the can on the far left but hits the can on the far right. Without hesitation, he rejoices at his “success.” After all, the goal was to knock down the cans.
We are almost taught to do this as Christians. Trying to look at the positive side, we excuse the negative. Sally has had four divorces, but she still loves her mother. Bob is dying of lung cancer from smoking, but has never had a car accident. It is thought to be “Christian” to focus on the positive. As long as we can find something positive, everything is okay.
So the young mother is able to manipulate her husband and children into eating their suppers together. After some years have past, her children still attend church. She looks at that and ignores all the struggles they have been through. At least they all attend church. Never mind what the goal was originally; success is now defined as attending church.
A third reason formulas can also appear to work is because the results are vague or difficult to measure. How do we determine whether a person is “well-adjusted?” Sally, who has been through four divorces, really does still love her mother. Is she well-adjusted? Who could say that she is not? Kids from the house next door terrorize the neighborhood but memorize all their Bible verses for Sunday School. How would we measure the success of the formulas used by that family? As long as the results are measured subjectively, the formulas can be said to have worked.
Perhaps the most challenging reason the formulas seem to work is because the desired results were going to come anyway. God is still in the equation, after all. He is active in times past setting into motion certain processes for certain results. He is also active in times present intervening for His own purposes. Some children appear to be well-adjusted from birth almost without regard to their families or circumstances. Others, often from the same families, appear to be more prone to struggles of various kinds. It is also often true that those who struggle at one stage of life are found to be quite capable at another and vice versa. Obviously there are factors related to these outcomes, but identifying those factors and systematizing them is elusive at best.
The children from the older woman may have turned out positively in spite of eating suppers together. Not only was there no cause and effect that involved eating supper together, but there may have been no identifiable cause at all. The man who wins the lottery may not be more deserving, may not have a better system, and may not have any formulaic process to offer others. His numbers just came up! Just because he used the combination to his company safe as his numbers does not mean that others should do the same (nor does it mean that he should tell anyone).
Marketing Formulas
Perhaps it would be appropriate to say that formulas are marketed. There are teachers and others who gain from promoting certain formulas. As with almost any other product, success stories sell. On the covers of the Christian family magazines are pictures of families where some kind of formula must be working. The seeker must purchase the magazine to find out which one. Almost every interest group has its successful examples, as does every church. The message that is heard is, “Just follow our formulas and they can work for you.” Some teachers make a great deal of money and gain considerable prestige from their formulas. They need success stories to validate what they sell.
Unfortunately, many people are not prepared for this type of marketing in spiritual matters. The Christian faith is presented and accepted as dogma and these formulas, almost no matter how bizarre, are often presented and accepted in the same way. Because a believer would never question the value of prayer, he may as readily accept the teaching that his prayers should be offered in a certain posture. Those who have been taught to honor and value spiritual teachers sometimes fail to discern error or marketing hype from those teachers. Thus, the formula is held as valid simply because of the respect for the teacher presenting it.
On the other hand, a spiritual formula is received almost as a product by the users. They expect it to work. They invest money, time, energy, and hope in the formula. If it appears to work, the teacher/marketer may receive blessings. If it does not, the teacher could be held accountable. To protect themselves and the reputation of the formula, many teachers are able to build in a fail-safe which prevents the “buyer” from coming back to them for satisfaction. They simply claim that the person did not use the formula correctly or failed to perform all parts of the formula.
The young mother who finds that her family is not pulling together in spite of their suppers together may be told that the family did not pray correctly or had the wrong dinner discussions. She will find, after working the formula for a while, that there were additional requirements she neglected. She will probably blame herself or her husband, but the formula remains secure. She is convinced that the formula works; she just has to find the “real” problem.
Sadly, this fail-safe is often the cause of discouragement and depression in those who consider themselves to be failures because the formula failed. They become convinced that they are too sinful or too stupid to use the formula correctly. Rather than helping these hurting people to see that the formulas failed, many pastors, teachers, and counselors either perpetuate the falsehood and blame the individuals or add new formulas for their followers to use. The new formulas are no better than the old ones, but they are different and provide a new sense of hope. Thus, the cycle continues and the depression grows.
Why Formulas Rarely Work
In spite of all of these possibilities of coincidental or limited success, and in spite of the effective marketing techniques, spiritual formulas rarely work. They do not work because the Lord resists them. The Scripture is quite clear that the Lord wants His people to draw their hope from their relationship with Him, rather than from their formulas.
When Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden, their intent was simply to become wise like God. They were not rebelling and they were not setting themselves against God. Instead, they were seeking a way to better themselves apart from God. They would eat of the fruit and become wise. It was the first formula, if you will.
"Truly, this only I have found: That God made man upright, but they have sought out many schemes." Ecclesiastes 7:29 (NKJV)
The schemes which God resists are usually set in the context of the wicked, but it is also clear that God resists the attempts of His own people to manipulate or control Him and, as in the case of Adam and Eve, considers those attempts sinful.
"Woe to the rebellious children," says the LORD, "Who take counsel, but not of Me, and who devise plans, but not of My Spirit, that they may add sin to sin." Isaiah 30:1 (NKJV)
God considers it sin when we “devise plans” to manipulate Him. It is not sin for us to seek good things or to do those things which He counsels, of course, but it is sin when we think that a formula will guarantee certain spiritual results. It is an affront to the Person of God. He is not a machine that can be programmed, nor a slave that can be ordered. He is a Person wise and wonderful beyond our comprehension.
"For My thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are your ways My ways," says the LORD. "For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways, and My thoughts than your thoughts." Isaiah 55:8 - 9 (NKJV)
In order to stop Adam and Eve from reaching out to the Tree of Life and, presumably, attributing that life to their new-found wisdom, God cast them out of the Garden. They would have to learn, through struggle and pain, that their ways were insufficient even to provide for their needs.
"He frustrates the devices of the crafty, so that their hands cannot carry out their plans. He catches the wise in their own craftiness, and the counsel of the cunning comes quickly upon them." Job 5:12 - 13 (NKJV)
It is the plan of God that we live dependent on Him. Our spirituality is a gift from His hand, the result of His love for those who live in relationship with Him. The “good and faithful servant” will not be the one who has applied the most successful formulas to his life. He will be the one who has walked with the Lord in love. We were not designed to live by formulas, but by relationship with Him. So He sets Himself against our formulas. We learn that there must be something more.
I returned and saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, nor bread to the wise, nor riches to men of understanding, nor favor to men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all. Ecclesiastes 9:11 (NKJV)
The unpredictability of the mind of God may appear as “time and chance” to those who desire formulas, but love is His motivation and wisdom is His tool. If we limit the progress of our lives to that which we can understand and further limit it to that which we can manage by our formulas, our lives will be far less than what God has in mind for us. His ways and His love may be unpredictable, but they will always provide greater results than our own.
It is commonly taught, among those who desire formulas, that we must become righteous or blameless in order to please Him. The Law of the Old Testament appears to motivate us toward righteousness so that we can avoid the wrath of God. But it is obviously not our righteousness that pleases Him.
"But we are all like an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are like filthy rags." Isaiah 64:6 (NKJV)
All our formulas can do is make us look better than we were, or perhaps better than others. It does not please the Lord for us to seek to manipulate Him. Nor does it please Him for us to try to make ourselves righteous.
"Can a man be profitable to God, though he who is wise may be profitable to himself? Is it any pleasure to the Almighty that you are righteous? Or is it gain to Him that you make your ways blameless?" Job 22:2 - 3 (NKJV)
The only righteousness we have comes to us through our relationship with Jesus Christ. It is His and He freely gives it to us. This is what it means to be a Christian. All that we are derives from Who He is. He is good and, in Him, we are good. He is holy and, in Him, we are holy. The progress of our lives, our spiritual growth, comes to us as we walk with Him.
So What Do We Do?
So what do we do when we realize that the formulas fail? What is left when we understand that we cannot manipulate our future or the future of our children? What do we have when everything we have tried fails?
We have a real and active Person who loves us!
It is the plan of God that His people would live in active relationship with Him. He wants us to know Him and trust Him and love Him. He will take care of the rest. He knows that we love our children and we want the best for them. He knows the fear we face in our lives. He knows, He understands, and He loves us.
Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding; In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct your paths. Proverbs 3:5-6 (NKJV)
Our purpose is to know Him and enjoy Him, to delight in Him. From that will come all the good things of life. He will still be unpredictable, but we will be in wonder of His workings and His love.
Delight yourself also in the LORD, and He shall give you the desires of your heart. Psalm 37:4 (NKJV)
It is possible, of course, to take even these relationship concepts and make them into formulas. If I just trust Him enough or delight in Him enough, then God will bless me, someone may reason. But the point of these passages is not to focus on the action but on the Object. It is the Lord in Whom we should trust and delight. Our focus must be on Him and not on our performance.
The formulas cannot save, nor can they create spiritual progress. Spiritual formulas will never make anyone more righteous or more acceptable to God. So set them aside and turn to Jesus. Turn to the One who loves you and has promised to care for you. Learn to walk with Him who has given us all good things.
Thus says the LORD: "Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, let not the mighty man glory in his might, nor let the rich man glory in his riches; but let him who glories glory in this, that he understands and knows Me." Jeremiah 9:23 - 24 (NKJV)
So, you have come to the end of yourself. You sit by the wall with no more hope. You have tried it all; the formulas, the seminars, the books, the prescribed solutions. Nothing has worked. There is nothing more to do.
Suddenly a bright light is there in the tunnel. Jesus has come to you in your need. He reaches out His hand and you take it. He says simply, “Walk with Me.”
In His presence you are overwhelmed by His love and kindness. You feel no fear, no shame, and no frustration. All that you ever wanted in life is right there in Him. As you walk, you begin to see a light ahead of you. Puzzled, you turn and see the wall behind you. All the evidence of your effort is gone and you realize that you are on the other side of the wall. The goal of your life has been accomplished.
When you turn to Him and ask Him how this is possible, He says, “Remember: I can walk through walls!”
Dr. David Orrison has been a pastor for over 30 years and is now the Executive Director of "Grace for the Heart," a ministry dedicated to proclaiming the sufficiency of Jesus Christ for all aspects of the Christian life. Dave has served in the Evangelical Free Church and in the United Presbyterian Church, and he holds a Ph.D. in Theology from Trinity Seminary. Dave has unique insights into the struggles of what he calls “performance spirituality,” as he has worked extensively with people who are unsure of their relationship with Jesus because of the burden of legalism and the hopelessness of a “works-based Christian walk.” David has lived in Loveland, CO for 25 years and is happily married to Alice. They have eight sons. David blogs on a regular basis at http://graceformyheart.wordpress.com.
"...the formula is held as valid simply because of the respect for the teacher presenting it."
Yes.
And sadly enough many do not even think to actually compare what their 'prophet' says to what the Word of God clearly teaches.
Thank you, David, for this article!
If spiritual formulas were supposed to work, then what happened to Job would've constituted a monstrous injustice on God's part. According to God Himself, Job was so blameless and upright that he outshone all other mortals upon the face of the earth (Job 1:8). Surely such righteousness would've guaranteed him success in all his earthly endeavors (Psalm 1:1-3)! But no ... instead of showering him with peace and prosperity, God allowed his vast agricultural empire to be plundered, his servants to be massacred, his many children to be wiped out, his body to be struck down by disease, and his relationship with his wife to disintegrate (Job 1:13-19; 2:7-9).
Job's friends then arrive and spend chapters 4 through 25 attempting to convince Job that he must've done something to deserve such terrible treatment, and that God would immediately restore Job to His good graces if only Job would repent of whatever sin brought this evil upon him in the first place. In other words, Job must've strayed from following the formula! How else could such incongruity between righteous behavior and evil fortune be explained? "Does God pervert justice?" asks Bildad the Shuhite, "Or does the Almighty pervert the right? If your children have sinned against Him, He has delivered them into the hand of their transgression. If you will seek God and plead with the Almighty for mercy, if you are pure and upright, surely then He will rouse Himself for you and restore your rightful habitation" (Job 8:3-6). In other words, this all must somehow be Job's fault! But Job rightly replies that God "is not a man, as I am, that I might answer Him, that we should come to trial together. There is no arbiter between us, who might lay his hand on us both" (Job 9:32-33). God isn't accountable to some abstract system of karmic reciprocity higher than Himself. He IS justice, and He cannot be manipulated with formulas.
But even so, Job still resents what God has brought upon him, and justifies himself at God's expense. Instead of joining his friends in their futile search for an inciting sin that he knows doesn't exist, Job spends his time accusing God of injustice, even though he's already asserted that there IS no justice higher than God Himself to which God may be held accountable. It's as though Job wishes to guilt-trip God into treating him better by reminding Him of the spiritual formula that He's supposedly forgotten.
Eventually, Elihu has had enough of this fruitless exchange between Job and his three friends. He reprimands all of them. "Behold, God is exalted in His power," he says, "who is a Teacher like Him? Who has prescribed for Him His way, or who can say, 'You have done wrong'?" (Job 36:22-23). His point, in essence, is that God is awesome and righteous no matter what He decides to do.
Then God speaks. But instead of justifying His actions by accusing Job or answering Job's accusations, God spends four whole chapters asking a series of rhetorical questions to remind His listeners that He is God and they are not. "Where were you," He asks, "when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell me, if you have understanding. Who determined its measurements - surely you know!" (Job 38:4-5). As the impossible questions continue to mount, it becomes clear that God feels no need to explain Himself to anyone. He gives no reason for Job's affliction. He makes no appeal to some set of principles higher than Himself. He fails to mention any formulas.
By the time He finishes, God has dispensed with the false wisdom of both Job and his friends, and trivialized into insignificance the bravado of human logic. And He's done all this without directly addressing a single thing they said. "I know that You can do all things," says Job, "and that no purpose of Yours can be thwarted. I had heard of You by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees You; therefore I despise myself, and repent in dust and ashes" (Job 42:2, 5-6). God then restores Job to double his previous prosperity, but not because of some obligation He's under or because of some test that Job passed; He does so because He wants to, period.
I cannot for the life of me understand how anyone can read the book of Job and come away thinking that God always blesses the righteous and curses the unrighteous. That theory directly contradicts Jesus' justification for His "love your enemies" command: that God "makes His sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust" (Matt. 5:44-46). There is no partiality with God (Rom. 2:11) because the rewards He dispenses are not of this earth (Matt. 6:19-20; Heb. 11:13-16). He cannot be manipulated by abstract formulas into delivering certain results. He does whatever He pleases (Psalm 135:5-6). And heck, if He Himself chose to suffer during His stay on earth, who are we to demand 'the good life' because we've managed to follow a few rules (1st Pet. 2:20-21)? He followed all the rules, of course, because 'the rules' are nothing more than an explanation of who He is. Yet Jesus died without a job, a house, a wife, a family, or a single penny to his name. And now He's seated at the right hand of the Majesty on high, waiting for His enemies to be made His footstool. None of that seems particularly formulaic.
Because God's not a tame lion.
So very true. It was the book of Job that caused me to question the underpinnings of the entire IBLP system of theology. I came away realizing that it was heretical in its very foundation.
WOW! WOW! WOW!!!
Such a wonderful concept! And this is something I have been working through lately! When the focus is on about how good "I am doing to move the wall" then it is a self-centered focus!!
I love how Dr. Orrison weaves "love" and "relationship" together as well!!! This is another concept that I have been trying to wrap my head around. Awesome!!!
The entire article lands the hammer right on the nail but two things that helped me that I want to point out are:
*"Thus, the formula is held as valid simply because of the respect for the teacher presenting it." -Wow, I see this all the time!!! And it helps me understand my parents much better as well. My dad would say it was his fault. Because he did such a bad job of applying ATI to our lives. But I know that isn't the case!! But somehow he trusted the formula and had too great of respect for the teacher to admit that it was the formula that was flawed.
*"But the point of these passages is not to focus on the action but on the Object." -Really awesome!!! So many times I think, "Why isn't God helping us out financially a little more? We tithe and are raising our family to know Him." But God isn't a slot machine where you put your tithe in and then tons of money comes out! He is a person!!! I love that!!!
Again, Thanks so much! I loved the whole article!!!
Recently I was reading to my children some stories from George Mueller's life. In one of the stories someone sent him money to start a fund that would support his family. He refused it because he was afraid that he would trust in the fund more that he would trust in God. I think formulas work the same way. Formulas for living the Christian life cause us to depend on our own works instead of on the leading of the Holy Spirit. There is no formula that fits every situation. I think of them as a tool but not a rule. It's like baking bread. You can follow the recipe but if it is a humid day you need to add more flour.
I agree, God was angered at the wrong theology of Job's friends (See Job 42). While Job increasingly moved in the direction of trusting his soul to the provision of God for his justification, his friends held the line of cause and effect ignoring God's provisions. The book of Job is what initially caused me to see through the heresies of the IBLP system.
7 And so it was, after the Lord had spoken these words to Job, that the Lord said to Eliphaz the Temanite, “My wrath is aroused against you and your two friends, for you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has. 8 Now therefore, take for yourselves seven bulls and seven rams, go to My servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering; and My servant Job shall pray for you. For I will accept him, lest I deal with you according to your folly; because you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has.”
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